ReviewMediastinum (Hong Kong, China)2025
Factors distinguishing thymomas from thymic squamous cell carcinoma: a proposal for diagnosis emphasizing the immunophenotype.
Review in Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunohistochemical profiling of small cell lung cancer reveals subtype heterogeneity and a tuft cell-like subtype characterized by LRMP and TRPM5.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Management of liver metastases secondary to thymic epithelial tumors: a narrative review of current management and future directions.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare but represent the most common neoplasms in the adult mediastinum. They are primarily classified into thymomas and thymic carcinomas, with thymic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most prevalent subtype of thymic carcinoma. Distinguishing thymomas from thymic carcinoma is critical, as it directly influences treatment strategies. However, considerable interobserver variability remains, and differentiating type A and type B3 thymomas-characterized by scattered or absent immature T cells-from thymic SCC continues to pose a diagnostic challenge. Notably, thymomas and thymic carcinomas are biologically distinct entities. Typical thymic SCC more prominently exhibits phenotypes of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) than thymomas. For example, we have demonstrated that thymic SCC frequently shows characteristics resembling tuft cells, a subset of mTECs. Moreover, these tuft cell-like phenotypes are strongly associated with KIT expression, a well-established marker of thymic SCC, which likely activates signaling pathways characteristic of this carcinoma subtype. The mTEC-like properties of thymic SCC may support the notion that it can partially mimic the cytoarchitecture of the thymus, a feature generally associated with thymoma. Therefore, immunophenotypic profiling may enhance diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing thymomas from thymic SCC. This review presents this perspective through discussion of various TET cases, focusing on type A thymoma, type B3 thymoma, and thymic SCC. Rather than asserting a definitive viewpoint, we aim to encourage constructive discussion toward a diagnostic consensus for TETs.
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