ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2025
Adverse Reactions Following Intradermal Injection of Exosome-Based Formulations: A Case Series.
Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative and Cosmetic Medicine: Safety, Clinical Effectiveness, Therapeutic Applications, and Regulatory Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Exosome-Based Therapies for Skin Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.Cureus · 2026Review
- Application and Future Perspectives of Extracellular Vesicle-Loaded Scaffold in Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Adverse Reactions Following Intradermal Injection of Exosome-Based Formulations: A Case Series.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExosome-containing formulations have recently gained popularity in aesthetic dermatology because of their regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Although approved for topical use, intradermal injection of these cosmetic products remains off-label and unregulated in many countries, including South Korea.
aimsTo describe four cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions following the intradermal injection of unregulated exosome-based formulations.
methodsFour adult women developed persistent erythema, nodules, granulomatous inflammation, and scarring following intradermal administration of exosome-containing products in a nonclinical setting. The clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of the patients were documented.
resultsAll the patients experienced persistent inflammatory lesions. Treatments included corticosteroids (systemic and intralesional), laser therapy, and surgical removal. The outcomes varied, with all patients experiencing incomplete resolution and residual scarring.
conclusionIntradermal injection of unapproved exosome-based formulations may cause serious and persistent cutaneous complications. This case series underscores the need for regulatory enforcement, practitioner education, and public awareness to prevent off-label use and protect patient safety in aesthetic practice.
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Registered trials
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