ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2025
Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi): A Population-Based Study.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi).European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi): A Population-Based Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition defined by the coexistence of high body fat mass and low muscle function and mass, which increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability and mortality. Early detection and frequent monitoring of SO are essential for preventive interventions and management strategies. The current binary approach for SO diagnosis is limited in capturing the spectrum of SO or its progression over time. The main objective of this study was to develop a continuous SOPi that integrates diagnostic criteria such as muscle function and body composition. We aimed to evaluate the association between SOPi and all-cause mortality, to identify baseline-related factors with SOPi and to assess changes in the SOPi over time.
methodsParticipants from the Rotterdam Study with baseline and follow-up measures of handgrip strength (HGS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured appendicular lean mass index (ALM/kg) and body fat percentage (BF%) were included. SOPi was calculated as a sex-specific equation integrating z-scores (Z) of (BF%)-(HGS)-(ALM/kg). Cox regression and multivariable linear regression models were fitted to evaluate mortality risk and associated factors with SOPi, respectively. Subgroup analysis of SOPi changes was performed by linear mixed-effects models.
resultsIn the total population (n = 5888, age 69.5 ± 9.1 years, BMI 27.5 ± 4.3 kg/m
conclusionSOPi is a significant predictor of premature death and can identify associated factors, particularly useful among persons at risk of SO. SOPi is higher and increases faster in individuals with specific phenotypes. SOPi integrates prognosis information, which could be used as a risk indicator and for prevention of SO.
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