ArticleNutrients2025
Association Between Adiposity Rebound and the Frequency of Balanced Meals Among Japanese Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Factors Associated with Height-Promoting Dietary Practices Among Japanese Preschool Children: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Healthy Japan 21-Phase III dietary recommendations comprise a staple food, main dish, and side dish to maintain nutritional balance and support healthy child growth. The relationship between the frequency of such balanced meals and early adiposity rebound (AR), a predictor of obesity, remains unclear.
objectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between the frequency of balanced meals (staple food, main dish, and side dish) and early AR in preschool children.
methodsIn this cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationwide online survey data of 688 mothers of children aged 3-6 years, dietary habits were assessed using a validated NutriSTEP-based 22-item Japanese Nutrition Screening Questionnaire. AR constituted a body mass index (BMI) increase from the 18- to 36-month health checkups recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. Risk scores reflecting lower frequency of balanced meals were calculated for staple foods, main dishes, and side dishes. Logistic regression evaluated associations between dietary risk scores and AR, adjusting for the child's sex, age, gestational age, birth weight, daycare attendance, and parental obesity.
resultsAmong 688 children, 193 (28.1%) exhibited early AR and had significantly higher BMI at age 3 and the most recent measurement (both
conclusionsA lower frequency of balanced meals is associated with early AR. These findings suggest that a simple, meal-balance screening tool could potentially aid in the early identification of the risk of later obesity and timely nutritional guidance.
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