Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41097221›Full record

ReviewNutrients2025

Nutritional Status and Dietary Challenges in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Eleni C Pardali, Arriana Gkouvi, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Alexandros Mitropoulos, Christos Cholevas, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Markos Klonizakis

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Eleni C PardaliImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7864-5349
Arriana GkouviImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece.
Maria G GrammatikopoulouImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4167-6595
Alexandros MitropoulosLifestyle, Exercise and Nutrition Improvement (LENI) Research Group, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Hall, Collegiate Crescent Rd, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK.
Christos CholevasLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-1517-8691
Dimitrios PoulimeneasDepartment of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, GR-24100 Kalamata, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4868-9620
Markos KlonizakisLifestyle, Exercise and Nutrition Improvement (LENI) Research Group, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Hall, Collegiate Crescent Rd, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8864-4403

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is seriously affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc), due to fibrosis and persistent inflammation. Patients with GI involvement frequently exhibit poor nutritional status, which affects disease burden and quality of life. The aim of the present review was to discuss all nutritional issues in SSc and serve as a primer for the nutritional assessment of patients with scleroderma. Patients with SSc suffer from GI impairments that affect the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Symptomatology includes microstomia, xerostomia, dysphagia, reflux, esophageal dysmotility, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and fecal incontinence, among others, which may contribute to inadequate food intake. As a result, patients often suffer from malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, while presenting with micronutrient deficiencies that impact disease outcomes and worsen their condition. This aggravated nutritional status is related to greater disease severity, organ involvement, reduced physical function, and increased length of hospitalization and mortality. GI involvement is well-documented within the SSc population, yet routine nutritional assessments are lacking in the hospital setting. Currently, there is a lack of specific recommendations from scientific societies regarding the nutritional care of patients with SSc. Given the high risk of nutritional impairments in this population, systematic assessments should be undertaken, and novel tools tailored to their unique needs should be developed and implemented.

Indexed as

DietGastrointestinal DiseasesMalnutritionNutritional StatusScleroderma, SystemicHumansNutrition AssessmentQuality of Lifedietdietary supplementsfrailtygastrointestinal tractmalabsorption syndromemalnutritionmedical nutrition therapynutritionsarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID41097221
PMCPMC12526201

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.