ArticleNutrients2025
Validating a Revised Oral Frailty 5-Item Checklist (OF-5) to Detect Pre-Symptomatic Brain Changes in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Impact of Heart Disease and Multimorbidity on Oral Frailty in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Circulation reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveOral frailty is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, yet practical tools for early identification remain limited. The Oral Frailty 5-item Checklist (OF-5), recently standardized in Japan, does not account for severe tooth loss, which is a known risk factor for brain atrophy. We developed a revised version of the OF-5 that includes the criterion of having nine or fewer teeth. This study aimed to validate the revised OF-5 as a screening tool for detecting early brain structural changes related to dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired older adults.
methodsWe analyzed 732 cognitively unimpaired participants from a population-based Japanese cohort (baseline 2016-2018). Oral frailty was assessed using both the original OF-5 and the revised OF-5. Brain volumes were measured by MRI and processed with FreeSurfer. Associations between oral frailty status and regional brain volumes were tested using multivariable-adjusted models, with further adjustment for nutrient intake and food consumption.
resultsThe revised OF-5, which adds severe tooth loss (≥9 teeth) as a criterion, showed greater sensitivity in detecting dementia-related brain changes than the original version. With the original OF-5, oral frailty was associated only with reduced fusiform gyrus volume (1.088% vs. 1.109% of estimated total intracranial volume [eTIV];
conclusionsThe revised OF-5 improves identification of pre-symptomatic brain changes in cognitively healthy older adults, independent of nutrition. It may serve as a simple and practical tool for early screening of dementia risk in clinical and community settings.
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