ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Selected Advances and Challenges in the Design of Safe Oxygen Therapeutics (A Focused Review).
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Conjugates of Heme and Intrinsically Disordered Peptides toward the Development of Synthetic Artificial Oxygen Carriers.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- The physiologic power of fluid circulation and implications for fluid therapy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Emerging Nanoplatforms are Effective Against Tumor Hypoxia.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Illumination of Targeting Nanotherapeutics with Precision Eyes: From Optical to Radio-nanotheranostics.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: evolution, translational applications and clinical considerations.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood transfusion is a routine yet resource-intensive medical procedure. Increasing global demand, limited donor availability, and logistical and ethical constraints have driven the search for adequate blood substitutes. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) represent a promising class of therapeutics designed to mimic the oxygen transport function of red blood cells while overcoming the challenges of storage, compatibility, and infection risk. Despite decades of research, no HBOC has yet met all criteria for widespread clinical use. This review summarizes recent advances in the design and development of hemoglobin derivatives, with a focus on their biochemical properties, safety profiles, and oxygen delivery capabilities. We also discuss current limitations and translational barriers. The successful implementation of HBOCs could significantly improve transfusion strategies, especially in emergency medicine, military applications, and resource-limited settings. Continued innovation is essential to bring safe and effective oxygen therapeutics into routine clinical practice.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.