ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Immune Activation Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Review Focused on Inflammatory Changes in the Spinal Cord.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Role of Supraspinal Neuroinflammation in Chronic Pain After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Cuproptosis in spinal cord injury: emerging mechanisms and immunological relevance.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of corticosteroid pretreatment in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Cross-Species Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies an Endocannabinoid-Associated Immune Remodeling Signature and Candidate Pharmacologic Targets in Spinal Cord Injury.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- The immune dysregulation landscape and dynamic regulation of competing endogenous RNAs in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut-derived signals regulating glial activation and secondary neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury: an evidence mapping and mechanistic framework.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Longitudinal B Cell Receptor Repertoire Profiling of Heavy- and Light-Chain Features in Injured Rat Spinal Cord Tissue After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- A four-dimensional spatial atlas of spinal cord injury reveals predominant Spp1-integrin signaling driving microglia-fibroblast crosstalk in fibrotic niches.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting glial scar formation for spinal cord injury: mechanisms, strategies, and research progress review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a substantial physical, psychological and social burden. Although many therapies are currently available, it is still impossible to fully restore the lost organic functions of SCI patients. An important event in SCI physiopathology is the development of a neuron-repulsive fibrotic scar at the lesion site, a barrier that hampers neuronal growth and contributes to long-term functional impairment. This neuron-repulsive scar is present in severe spinal cord injuries in humans but is absent in some animals capable of natural regeneration. In humans and other mammals, various immune cells take part in the development and maturation of the glial scar, and cytokines and other molecular factors regulate the associated histologic changes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and complement system proteins tend to be overexpressed early after SCI, but anti-inflammatory cytokines also participate in the remodelling of the injured tissue by regulating the excessively pro-inflammatory environment. This inflammatory regulation is not entirely successful in humans, and inflammation inhibitor drugs offer promising avenues for SCI treatment. Some non-specific immunosuppressor drugs have already been studied, but targeted modulation therapies may be more efficient and less prone to secondary effects. Continued experimental research and clinical trials are vital to advance findings and develop effective treatments, aiming to overcome the barriers to spinal cord regeneration and improve recovery for SCI patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.