Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41096882›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Antioxidant and Antiviral Potential of Cold-Brewed and Cold-Concentrated Plant Extracts.

Paulina Janicka, Damian Maksimowski, Aleksandra Chwirot, Maciej Oziembłowski, Katarzyna Michalczyk, Agnieszka Nawirska-Olszańska, Piotr Poręba, Sylwia Baluta, Ewa Kaczmar, Dominika Stygar and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Paulina JanickaDepartment of Pathology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6953-9926
Damian MaksimowskiDepartment of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Aleksandra ChwirotDepartment of Pathology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
Maciej OziembłowskiDepartment of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7369-6051
Katarzyna MichalczykDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 H. Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1809-9531
Agnieszka Nawirska-OlszańskaDepartment of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9417-767X
Piotr PorębaCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
Sylwia BalutaInstitute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspińskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2090-1650
Ewa KaczmarDepartment of Clinical Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2817-6126
Dominika StygarDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 H. Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8509-7507
Barbara BażanówDepartment of Pathology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6694-2872

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Norovirus (NoV) is a symptomatic virus that is the leading cause of gastrointestinal disease. It spreads easily through the fecal-oral route and contact with contaminated food or surfaces. Maintaining a high level of hygiene in food industry settings and refocusing food production on isolating and testing natural compounds that exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are important elements in preventing NoVs infection. This study evaluated plant extracts prepared by cold brew and cold concentrate techniques for their antioxidant and antiviral activity. The extracts obtained demonstrated high antioxidant activity, with notable variation depending on the plant material, ranging from moderate to very strong levels. Correspondingly, high antiviral potential was observed, reaching the nearly complete inactivation of the virus. Remarkably, the highest virucidal effects were already achieved at relatively elevated, but not maximal, antioxidant activity levels. The results of the study indicate that cold water extraction techniques allow for the obtention of plant extracts showing strong virus-inactivating activity and favorable antioxidant activity.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsAntiviral AgentsNorovirusPlant ExtractsAnimalsCold TemperatureVero CellsAntioxidantsAntiviral AgentsPlant Extractsantiviralgreen extraction methodsnatural antioxidantsnorovirus

Identifiers

PMID41096882
PMCPMC12525287

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.