Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41096575›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Genome-Wide Characterization of a Carbon Ion Beam-Induced Soybean Mutant Population Reveals Extensive Genetic Variation for Trait Improvement.

Xiulin Liu, Kezhen Zhao, Xueyang Wang, Chunlei Zhang, Fengyi Zhang, Rongqiang Yuan, Sobhi F Lamlom, Bixian Zhang, Honglei Ren

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiulin LiuSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.
Kezhen ZhaoSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4864-668X
Xueyang WangSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.
Chunlei ZhangSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.
Fengyi ZhangSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.
Rongqiang YuanSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.
Sobhi F LamlomSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5003-9275
Bixian ZhangInstitute of Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150023, China.
Honglei RenSoybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Northeastern Precocious Soybean Scientific Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin Branch, National Soybean Improvement Center, Harbin 150086, China.ORCID 0009-0005-6846-3479

Funding

Modern Agriculture Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province 2Y04JD05-007the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Leaping Project in Heilongjiang Province . CX23ZD04the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD04032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits is crucial for crop improvement and molecular breeding. We developed a mutagenized soybean population using carbon ion beam irradiation and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify variants controlling key agronomic traits. Whole-genome resequencing of 199 M4 lines revealed 1.48 million SNPs, predominantly C→T transitions, with population structure analysis identifying three distinct genetic groups. GWAS across five traits revealed striking differences in genetic architecture: the podding habit showed extreme polygenic control with 87,029 significant associations of small effect, while pubescence color exhibited oligogenic inheritance with only 122 variants. Hundred-seed weight displayed moderate complexity (4637 associations) with the largest effect sizes (-3.74 to 5.03) and major QTLs on chromosomes 4, 7, and 15-20. Growth habit involved 12,136 SNPs, including a strong chromosome 3 association (-log

Indexed as

Genetic VariationGenome, PlantGlycine maxMutationCarbonChromosome MappingChromosomes, PlantGenome-Wide Association StudyPhenotypePlant BreedingPolymorphism, Single NucleotideQuantitative Trait LociCarbonfunctional genomicsGlycine maxGWASinduced mutagenesiswhole-genome resequencing

Identifiers

PMID41096575
PMCPMC12524523

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.