Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41096294›Full record

ReviewPolymers2025

Flame-Retardant Polyvinyl Alcohol Materials: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Multifunctional Applications.

Dehui Jia, Lulu Xu, Danni Pan, Yi Xiao, Yan Zhang, Yao Yuan, Wei Wang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dehui JiaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
Lulu XuSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5527-4680
Danni PanFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
Yi XiaoFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
Yan ZhangZhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4309-2710
Yao YuanFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
Wei WangSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5788-6314

Funding

Australian Research Council/Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) funding scheme DE230100180National Natural Science Foundation of China 22305202open fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications (Xia-men University of Technology) fma2024001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer, has garnered significant attention in recent years for its applications such as packaging, electronics, biomedical materials, and water treatment. However, its high flammability poses a substantial limitation in fire-sensitive environments. To address this challenge, significant research efforts have been devoted to improving the flame retardancy and suppressing the smoke toxicity of PVA through various strategies. This review presents diverse modification strategies that have been developed for PVA, including physical blending with polymers and nanofillers, chemical modifications such as esterification, acetalization, and crosslinking, and advanced surface engineering techniques such as plasma treatment, layer-by-layer assembly, and surface grafting. Beyond fire safety, these modifications enable multifunctional applications, expanding PVA use in optical, energy, sensing, and biomedical fields. Finally, this review explores current challenges, environmental considerations, and future directions for the development of sustainable, high-performance flame-retardant PVA systems.

Indexed as

flame retardancyflame retardant mechanismmodificationpolyvinyl alcoholsmoke toxicity

Identifiers

PMID41096294
PMCPMC12526795

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.