ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
The Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Intensive Care Unit.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adjunctive acupuncture for sepsis-associated acute gastrointestinal injury: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and exploratory Bayesian network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Admission APRI and Early Mortality in ICU Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Association of oXiris Hemoadsorption with Inflammatory, Hemodynamic, Respiratory, and Organ Dysfunction Parameters in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of 72-h Reassessment Using SOFA Score, C-Reactive Protein, and Lactate in a 72-h Landmark Cohort of Intensive Care Patients with Gram-Negative Sepsis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- RXRα suppression drives hepatic metabolic and immune dysfunction in sepsis.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Circulating C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 to Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The incremental prognostic value of platelet-to-neutrophil and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Association Between Serum Phosphorus and 28-Day Mortality in Patients with Bloodstream Infection: Potential Prognostic Implication Beyond Renal Function and Clinical Severity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early ΔNLR Outperforms Baseline Inflammatory Markers in Predicting Short-Term Outcomes in Sepsis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Precision medicine in sepsis: lessons from the TIGRIS trial and the reawakening of targeted therapy.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Hospital Cost Components and Predictors inTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Impact of Disease Severity and Age on Outcomes After Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Lactate on Improving Cognitive Function and Survival Rate in a Mouse Model of Post-Sepsis Cognitive Impairment.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Article
- Clarithromycin for treating sepsis in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- The Global Impact of Sepsis: Epidemiology, Recognition, Management, and Health System Challenges.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nomogram analysis of factors associated with prognosis in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a case-control study based on LASSO regression.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Adjuvant intravenous immunoglobulin in elderly sepsis: a randomized controlled study of mortality, organ function, and inflammation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Plasma multi-omics reveals pathogen-associated mechanisms and diagnostic signatures inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of interpretable machine learning models for predicting the probability of sepsis in patients with pulmonary fibrosis in the intensive care unit: based on MIMIC-IV and multi-database validation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This narrative review synthesizes our current understanding of sepsis and septic shock burden in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Based on a comprehensive but non-systematic literature search from 2000 to 2025, this review synthesizes our current understanding across eight key domains: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, management strategies, long-term outcomes, disparities, and future directions. The global burden of sepsis, especially in the developed and developing world, is great: over 48 million cases per year, with mortality rates at the ICU level in the range of 30 to 50%, depending on geography and resources. The pathophysiological progression from an initial hyper-inflammatory state to immune paralysis underlies organ failure and complicates therapeutic targeting. Diagnostic approaches, including clinical scoring systems, biomarkers (e.g., procalcitonin, MR-proADM), and emerging AI tools, offer improved early detection but face challenges in reliability and accessibility. Management in the ICU remains anchored in timely antimicrobial administration, hemodynamic stabilization with balanced fluids and vasopressors, source control, and organ support, including lung-protective ventilation and kidney replacement therapy. Novel adjuncts, such as immunomodulators and extracorporeal therapies, show promise but demand further validation. Importantly, survivors face significant long-term sequelae-post-intensive care syndrome (PICS)-encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychological impairments, which require structured rehabilitation and follow-up. The future of sepsis care lies in integrating precision medicine-through molecular diagnostics, individualized immunotherapy, and AI-supported monitoring-with scalable, equitable implementation strategies that bridge the gap between high- and low-income settings. Addressing disparities and expanding rehabilitation services are essential to improving survival and long-term quality of life in sepsis survivors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.