ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Improving Bonding Durability in Dental Restorations: The Impact of Bioactive and Reinforcement Particles on Universal Adhesives.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating bioactive particles (montmorillonite loaded with chlorhexidine, MMT/CHX) and different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, and 15 wt%) into a universal dental adhesive on its degree of conversion, bond strength, water sorption, solubility, and antimicrobial activity. MATERIALS AND
methodsA universal adhesive was modified with 1 wt% MMT/CHX and varying amounts of silica nanoparticles. Degree of conversion was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microtensile bond strength was evaluated at 24 h, 6 months, and 12 months after water storage. Water sorption and solubility were measured according to ISO 4049, and antibacterial activity was tested against
resultsAll experimental adhesives containing ≥7% silica showed significantly reduced water sorption and solubility. The presence of MMT/CHX imparted consistent antimicrobial activity across all experimental groups. Degree of conversion remained stable across all groups and storage periods. Notably, after 12 months, only the experimental groups maintained or improved bond strength, while the control group showed a significant reduction. Failure mode analysis indicated increased mechanical integrity with higher filler content.
conclusionsIncorporating 1 wt% MMT/CHX and ≥7 wt% silica into a universal adhesive improved long-term bond strength, reduced degradation, and introduced antibacterial properties without compromising polymer conversion. These findings support the potential of developing durable, bioactive adhesive systems for restorative dentistry. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The incorporation of bioactive and reinforcing nanoparticles into universal adhesives enhances bond durability and introduces antibacterial properties without compromising polymerization. This innovation may lead to longer-lasting restorations and reduced risk of secondary caries in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.