Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41095040›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Cooperative Jamming and Relay Selection for Covert Communications Based on Reinforcement Learning.

Jin Qian, Hui Li, Pengcheng Zhu, Aiping Zhou, Shuai Liu, Fengshuan Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jin QianCollege of Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China.
Hui LiCollege of Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China.
Pengcheng ZhuCollege of Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8145-6023
Aiping ZhouCollege of Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China.
Shuai LiuCollege of Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China.
Fengshuan WangSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.ORCID 0009-0008-8281-816X

Funding

Jiangsu Province's "Qinglan Project" (2025) The Program for Excellent Teaching Teams.Jiangsu Province's "Qinglan Project" (2025) The Program for Middle-aged and Young Academic LeadersJiangsu Province's "Qinglan Project" (2025) The Program for Outstanding Young Backbone Teachers
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To overcome the obstacles of maintaining covert transmissions in wireless networks employing collaborative wardens, we develop a reinforcement learning framework that jointly optimizes cooperative jamming strategies and relay selection mechanisms. The study focuses on a multi-relay-assisted two-hop network, where potential relays dynamically act as information relays or cooperative jammers to enhance covertness. A reinforcement learning-based relay selection scheme (RLRS) is employed to dynamically select optimal relays for signal forwarding and jamming; the framework simultaneously maximizes covert throughput and guarantees warden detection failure probability, subject to rigorous power budgets. Numerical simulations reveal that the developed reinforcement learning approach outperforms conventional random relay selection (RRS) across multiple performance metrics, achieving (i) higher peak covert transmission rates, (ii) lower outage probabilities, and (iii) superior adaptability to dynamic network parameters including relay density, power allocation variations, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) fluctuations. These findings validate the effectiveness of reinforcement learning in optimizing relay and jammer selection for secure covert communications under colluding warden scenarios.

Indexed as

cooperative jammingcovert communicationscovert ratereinforcement learningrelay selection

Identifiers

PMID41095040
PMCPMC12526512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.