Simulation-Based Design of a Silicon SPAD with Dead-Space-Aware Avalanche Region for Picosecond-Resolved Detection.

Meng-Jey Youh, Hsin-Liang Chen, Nen-Wen Pu, Mei-Lin Liu, Yu-Pin Chou, Wen-Ken Li, Yi-Ping Chou

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Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Meng-Jey YouhDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.

Hsin-Liang ChenDepartment of Semiconductor Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

Nen-Wen PuDepartment of Electric Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.

Mei-Lin LiuDepartment of Semiconductor Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.

Yu-Pin ChouDepartment of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0006-5482-0006

Wen-Ken LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.

Yi-Ping ChouDepartment of Semiconductor Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0004-4939-5960

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents a simulation-based design of a silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) optimized for picosecond-resolved photon detection. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics, we implement a dead-space-aware impact ionization model to accurately capture history-dependent avalanche behavior. A guard ring structure and tailored doping profiles are introduced to improve electric field confinement and suppress edge breakdown. Simulation results show that the optimized device achieves a peak electric field of 7 × 10

Indexed as

avalanche gain stabilityCOMSOL Multiphysicsdead-space effectelectric field confinementguard ring designpicosecond time resolutionsilicon photonicssingle-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)

Identifiers

PMID41094877

DOI10.3390/s25196054

PMCPMC12527092

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