SynthesisBMC public health2025
Global epidemiology of diarrhea among internally displaced populations and refugee camp populations an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Knowledge and practice towards healthcare-associated infection prevention among healthcare workers in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections among school-aged children in low- and middle-income countries of Africa and Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Can improved handwashing infrastructure and soap change behavior? findings from a randomized control study in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of acute watery diarrhea in vulnerable children, mothers' knowledge, and management: a cross-sectional study from Yemen.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Climate Variability, Communal Violence, and Population Health in Africa's Arc of Instability: A Scoping Review of Evidence and Gaps.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of household sanitation facility access in Sub-Saharan Africa: insights from DHS data (2012-2024).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea remains a significant health burden among populations affected by inadequate water and sanitation, particularly in internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugee camp populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify the global prevalence of diarrhea in these vulnerable groups. The findings will inform targeted interventions and policy decisions to mitigate the health impacts in these settings.
methodsSystematic searches were conducted from PubMed, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, encompassing studies published up to June 10, 2024. Microsoft Excel 2021 was used for data extraction and STATA version 17 for statistical analyses. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The random-effects model was utilized to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's regression test, while heterogeneity was measured using the I² statistic. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42024554686).
resultsThe comprehensive search yielded 23 eligible articles, representing 121,037 samples. The pooled prevalence of diarrhea was 29% (95% CI: 24%, 33%). Subgroup analyses by continents revealed notable regional variations, the pooled prevalence in Asia was 35% (95% CI: 24%, 45%), Africa 28% (95% CI: 21%, 35%), and North America 9% (95% CI: 7%, 11%). Subgroup analysis by subcontinent showed that Southeast Asia with 74% (95% CI: 66%, 81%) and South-central Asia with 54% (95% CI: 44%, 63%) has the highest pooled prevalence from Asia. From Africa, East Africa with 35% (95% CI: 19%, 51%) and Southeastern Africa with 35% (95% CI: 32%, 38%) has highest pooled prevalence. Furthermore, by study setting, the pooled prevalence of diarrhea was 27% (95% CI: 22%, 31%) in IDPs and 32% (95% CI: 22%, 42%) in refugee camps.
conclusionsThe results of this study underscore the significant global burden of diarrhea among IDPs and refugees living in camps. The implementation of robust health programs specifically tailored to IDPs and refugee camps, including regular screening, deworming, and comprehensive care initiatives, is critical. A multifaceted, holistic approach that addresses socio-economic, behavioral, and environmental determinants is essential to reduce the health burden of this vulnerable population.
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