Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41094344›Full record

ArticleCardiology and therapy2025

Digital Strategies for Recruitment to Improve Diversity and Inclusion in Prospective Cardiovascular Clinical Research.

Sneha S Jain, Fatima Rodriguez, Marco V Perez, Jingzhi Yu, Sumana Shashidhar, Susan Swope, Kaylin Nguyen, Manisha Desai, Haley Hedlin, Svati H Shah and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Cardiology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sneha S JainDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Rd, Falk Building, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. snehashahjain@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-1453
Fatima RodriguezDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Rd, Falk Building, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Marco V PerezDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Rd, Falk Building, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Jingzhi YuQuantitative Science Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sumana ShashidharStanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Susan SwopeStanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kaylin NguyenDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Olive View, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Manisha DesaiQuantitative Science Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Haley HedlinQuantitative Science Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Svati H ShahDuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Adrian F HernandezDuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Mintu P TurakhiaDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Rd, Falk Building, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Kenneth W MahaffeyDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Rd, Falk Building, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCardiovascular trials often underrepresent non-White participants, women, and older individuals.

methodsWe evaluated the impact of digital recruitment on improving diversity in two large prospective cardiovascular studies: the Apple Heart Study (AHS) and the Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS). While both leveraged digital tools, their strategies differed-AHS used a passive, app-based approach followed by a direct-to-participant outreach effort, while PBHS implemented an enrollment model to reach a prespecified diversity goal.

resultsWhile both methods led to a cohort of participants who were comparably aligned with the US Census, we found that intentional, goal-driven digital outreach, and participant selection targeting demographic representation improved inclusion of historically underrepresented groups.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that digital tools, when paired with intentional strategy, may help support more inclusive, representative cardiovascular research.

Indexed as

Apple Heart StudyCardiovascular researchClinical trial diversityDigital recruitmentProject Baseline Health Study

Identifiers

PMID41094344
PMCPMC12680808

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.