Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41094314›Full record

ReviewCurrent urology reports2025

Urologic Manifestations of Nonrelaxing Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Insights on Clinical Workup and Management.

Andrew S Afyouni, Narmina Khanmammadova, Alireza Bozorgi, Akhil K Das, Joel Gelman, Zhina Sadeghi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current urology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Male Pelvic Health in Saudi Arabia:Saudi medical journal · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. The pelvic floor: myth or hype?-a narrative review.Gynecology and pelvic medicine · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrew S AfyouniIrvine Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Narmina KhanmammadovaIrvine Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Alireza BozorgiIrvine Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Akhil K DasIrvine Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Joel GelmanIrvine Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Zhina SadeghiIrvine Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. zhinas@hs.uci.edu.

Funding

Anti-Fibrogenic Therapy to Target Aging-Associated Urethra DysfunctionR21AG093287 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI SADEGHI, ZHINA, WU, YI XI · 2025 to 2025
$432k
Investigation of Urethral Dysfunction in Female Urinary IncontinenceK08DK142008 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Zhina Sadeghi · 2025 to 2026
$351k
NIA NIH HHS R21 AG093287NIDDK NIH HHS K08 DK142008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewNon-relaxing pelvic floor dysfunction (NR-PFD) is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed cause of voiding dysfunction in patients without clear anatomic or neurologic obstruction. Symptoms may include pelvic pain, urinary complaints, defecatory dysfunction, and sexual issues, but their variability makes NR-PFD challenging to recognize and manage. This review focuses on the urologic manifestations of NR-PFD and outlines current diagnostic and treatment strategies. RECENT

findingsVideo urodynamics and surface EMG, alongside focused physical examination, are key tools for diagnosing NR-PFD. Pelvic floor physical therapy remains the first-line treatment, with strong evidence supporting its efficacy across sexes. Adjunctive options, including biofeedback, trigger point injections, botulinum toxin, and sacral neuromodulation, can benefit patients with refractory symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy and integrative modalities are also increasingly utilized. NR-PFD is an underrecognized cause of functional bladder outlet obstruction and complex LUTS. Management should be individualized and multidisciplinary. Future studies are needed to standardize diagnostic criteria and refine treatment algorithms.

Indexed as

Pelvic FloorPelvic Floor DisordersUrologic DiseasesBiofeedback, PsychologyBotulinum ToxinsElectromyographyHumansInjectionsMuscle RelaxationTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationTrigger PointsUrodynamicsBotulinum ToxinsDyssynergic voidingFunctional bladder outlet obstructionLower urinary tract symptomsNon-relaxing pelvic floor dysfunctionPelvic floor dysfunctionVoiding dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID41094314
PMCPMC12528306

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.