The effects of menstrual cycle phases on postural balance, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and dual-task virtual reality performance in healthy young women.

purposeThis study investigated the effects of hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle on oculomotor function, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), postural balance, and dual-task virtual reality (VR) performance in healthy young women. The primary objective was to compare these parameters between the early menstrual and post-menstrual phases.

methodsTwenty eumenorrheic females aged 18–25 were assessed during two phases: early menstrual (days 1–3) and post-menstrual (day 7+). Assessments included videonystagmography (VNG) for oculomotor evaluations (saccades, smooth pursuit, optokinetic responses), video head impulse testing (vHIT) for VOR gains in all semicircular canals, static and dynamic balance tests and a dual-task VR activity involving visual tracking and full-body movement. subjective symptoms were assessed using the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) and a cybersickness scale. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for comparisons. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparisons.

resultsOculomotor parameters and VOR gains showed no significant differences between phases. However, postural balance improved significantly post-menstrually in Single Leg Foam (p = .003), Walk on Foam (p = .034), and TUG (p < .001). Dual-task VR performance scores were also significantly higher in the post-menstrual phase.

conclusionWhile oculomotor and VOR responses remained stable, the early menstrual phase was associated with reduced postural performance and lower dual-task VR scores. Hormonal fluctuations during this period may transiently impair postural control and motor performance. Considering the timing of assessments in relation to the menstrual cycle may contribute to more accurate clinical interpretation and better-informed planning of rehabilitation when needed.