Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41094139›Full record

ArticleNature2025

New fossils reveal the hand of Paranthropus boisei.

Carrie S Mongle, Caley M Orr, Matthew W Tocheri, Thomas Cody Prang, Frederick E Grine, Craig Feibel, Biren A Patel, Olivia Laureijs, Tara E Hobbs, Stephanie Maiolino and 20 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The co-evolution of hominins and Stone Age culture.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
  2. Environmental Context of Hominin Foot Evolution.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Homo luzonensis and the role of homoplasy in the morphology of hominin insular species.Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society · 2026
    Article
  5. SwartkransProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Carrie S MongleDepartment of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. carrie.mongle@stonybrook.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5474-0501
Caley M OrrDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Matthew W TocheriDepartment of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7600-8998
Thomas Cody PrangDepartment of Anthropology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3032-8309
Frederick E GrineDepartment of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Craig FeibelDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2481-4044
Biren A PatelDivision of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Olivia LaureijsDepartment of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
Tara E HobbsDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Stephanie MaiolinoDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4217-1791
James RossieDepartment of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Winfred MbogoDivision of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
Anton Du PlessisResearch Group 3D Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4370-8661
John LonyerichoTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
William Woto HukaTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Hilary SaleTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Abdi UmuroKoobi Fora Research Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
Peter YirgudoKoobi Fora Research Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ibrae DalachaKoobi Fora Research Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
Martin KirinyaTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ezekiel LingaTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Richard LokiKoobi Fora Research Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
Apolo LongayeTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Malmalo LongayeTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Emmanuel LonyerichoTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Iyole LoyapanTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Nyiber NakudoKoobi Fora Research Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
Cyprian NyeteTurkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Meave G LeakeyTurkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Louise N LeakeyDepartment of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When Mary Leakey discovered the OH 5 cranium of Paranthropus boisei alongside Oldowan stone artefacts, it was declared "the oldest yet discovered maker of stone tools"

Indexed as

FossilsHandHominidaeAnimalsBiological EvolutionFoot BonesGorilla gorillaHand BonesSkullTool Use Behavior

Identifiers

PMID41094139
PMCPMC12657221

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.