ArticleNature microbiology2025
The IFIT2-IFIT3 antiviral complex targets short 5' untranslated regions on viral mRNAs for translation inhibition.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The capping arms race: evolutionary interplay between IFIT proteins and viral molecular mimicry.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- 5' UTR length shapes alternative N-terminal protein isoforms across cancers and in rare disease.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Inherent Specificity and Variation Sensitivity as Quantitative Metrics for RBP Binding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ATG7 Limits Basal Antiviral Gene Expression and Moderately Promotes VSV Replication in Mammalian Non-Immune Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinct 5' UTR Requirements for Translation of the Bicistronic X/P mRNA Among Avian Orthobornaviruses.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- 5' UTR length regulates alternative N-terminal protein isoform production in health and disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- IFIT3 RNA-binding activity promotes influenza A virus infection and translation efficiency.Journal of virology · 2025Article
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Abstract
Recognition of foreign RNA is critical for the innate immune response to viruses. Interferon (IFN)-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 2 and 3 are highly upregulated following viral infection, but mechanistic insight into their antiviral role is lacking. Here we demonstrate that short 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), a characteristic of many viral mRNAs, can serve as a molecular pattern for innate immune recognition via IFIT2 and IFIT3. Structure determination of the IFIT2-IFIT3 complex at 3.2 Å using cryo-EM reveals a domain-swapped heterodimer that is required for recognition of the viral mRNA 5' end, translation inhibition and antiviral activity. Critically, viral or host 5' UTR lengths less than 50 nucleotides are necessary and sufficient to enable translation inhibition by the IFIT2-IFIT3 complex. Accordingly, diverse viruses whose mRNAs contain short 5' UTRs, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and parainfluenza virus 3, are sensitive to IFIT2-IFIT3-mediated antiviral activity. Our work thus reveals a pattern of antiviral nucleic acid immune recognition that takes advantage of the inherent constraints on viral genome size.
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