Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41093830›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

The formation of the 'footprint of death' as a mechanism for generating large substrate-bound extracellular vesicles that mark the site of cell death.

Stephanie F Rutter, Taeyoung Kang, Gemma F Ryan, Bo Shi, Caitlin L Vella, Pradeep Rajasekhar, Sean W Cutter, Amy L Hodge, Dilara C Ozkocak, Ching-Seng Ang and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Stephanie F RutterDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-3867-2082
Taeyoung KangDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-8705
Gemma F RyanDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Bo ShiDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-8963-0027
Caitlin L VellaDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Pradeep RajasekharThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-7244
Sean W CutterDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Amy L HodgeDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Dilara C OzkocakDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Ching-Seng AngThe Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Julian RatcliffeBioimaging Platform, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-1166
Katrina J BingerDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Pamali FoneskaDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Suresh MathivananDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-5795
Niall D GeogheganThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-0769
Kelly L RogersThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-0221
Michael F OlsonDepartment of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3428-3507
Georgia K Atkin-Smith *The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. atkinsmith.g@wehi.edu.au.
Ivan K H Poon *Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. i.poon@latrobe.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-7173

Funding

Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC) 210102658Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC) 230101056Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 1140187
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Apoptotic cells communicate to phagocytic cells through releasing soluble factors and apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles. However, whether there are additional factors that remain attached at the site of cell death to signal to phagocytic cells is currently unknown. Here we show that apoptotic cell retraction generates a membrane-encased, F-actin-rich 'footprint' tightly anchored to the substrate that marks the site of cell death, coined 'the FOotprint Of Death' or FOOD. Formation of FOOD is observed frequently across many different cell types, apoptotic stimuli and surface composition. Mechanistically, FOOD formation is regulated by the protein kinase ROCK1. 3D time-lapse microscopy studies revealed that FOOD vesicularises into distinct large extracellular vesicles. These extracellular vesicles expose the 'eat-me' signal phosphatidylserine and can function to 'flag' the site of cell death to neighbouring phagocytes for efferocytosis. Under a viral infection setting, FOOD can harbour viral proteins and virions, and propagate infection to healthy cells. Together, this study has revealed another route of apoptotic cell-phagocyte communication.

Indexed as

ApoptosisExtracellular VesiclesActinsAnimalsCell CommunicationCell DeathHumansMicePhagocytesPhagocytosisPhosphatidylserinesrho-Associated KinasesActinsPhosphatidylserinesrho-Associated Kinases

Identifiers

PMID41093830
PMCPMC12528690

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.