ArticleRMD open2025
Topography of entheseal lesions on ultrasound: a comparative study between axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls.
Article in RMD open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Musculoskeletal ultrasonography of lower extremity entheses in children and adolescents - a pilot study of normal B-mode and Doppler characteristics.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- From Invisible to Visible: Cutting-Edge Ultrasound Insights into Entheses of the Distal Extremities in Rheumatology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a new ultrasound score (SONAR-7) for synovitis in psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis.RMD open · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in axial spondyloarthritis.Communications biology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo determine which anatomical sites and which ultrasonographic entheseal lesions are best able to discriminate between spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients and healthy controls (HC).
methodsWe included patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial SpA (axSpA), from six Swiss hospital outpatient clinics, as well as HC. Participants completed quality of life and physical activity questionnaires and underwent a clinical examination of both joints and entheses, followed by a detailed musculoskeletal ultrasound examination including nine entheseal sites bilaterally. Entheses were scored according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology criteria, with an additional evaluation of bursae and power Doppler (PD) in the 2-5 mm zone.
resultsOverall, 121 participants were included, including 41 with PsA (mean age in years (SD), percentage male: 54.5±11.0, 63.4%), 39 with axSpA (45.1±10.0, 51.3%) and 41 HC (43.9±10.9, 56.1%), with a total of 2178 entheses evaluated. The PsA and axSpA groups showed no significant differences regarding inflammatory markers or disease activity scores.In the univariable analysis, all ultrasonographic lesions at the enthesis showed a significant association with SpA vs HC. Only B-mode inflammatory lesions (OR=1.38, p=0.034) and active enthesitis (OR=4.45, p=0.030) retained this association in multivariable analyses. While 4/9 entheses were associated with SpA in univariable analyses, only the distal patellar ligament insertion remained significantly associated with SpA (OR=1.74, p=0.039) in multivariable analyses.
conclusionTo distinguish SpA patients from controls, the sonographic scoring system used should account not only for the presence of specific entheseal lesions (structural and inflammatory) but also for the individual site affected.
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