Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41093325›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Feasibility of implementing a non-invasive self-sampling method for saliva specimens that can be used for the diagnosis of respiratory infections among paediatric patients in the Tshwane District, South Africa: a study protocol.

Siphesihle Nxele, Thobeka Dlangalala, Nobuhle Vanessa Gxekwa, Sebueng Ramatsokotla, Alfred Musekiwa, Mankgopo Magdalene Kgatle, Daniel B Hatchett, Albert Shin, Wan-Chen Tu, Ingrid H Robertson and 5 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Siphesihle NxeleSchool of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa sr.nxele@up.ac.za.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-0846
Thobeka DlangalalaFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-4247
Nobuhle Vanessa GxekwaUniversity of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
Sebueng RamatsokotlaUniversity of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
Alfred MusekiwaSchool of Health Systems, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-3680
Mankgopo Magdalene KgatleNuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
Daniel B HatchettChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Albert ShinChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Wan-Chen TuChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ingrid H RobertsonChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Xiaojing SuChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Erwin BerthierChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Sanitta ThongpangChemistry, University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ashleigh B ThebergeDepartment of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Tivani Phosa Mashamba-ThompsonFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEffective community-based disease management is essential for public health. In low- and middle-income countries, sustainable strategies for timely diagnosis and treatment are a research priority. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a non-invasive saliva self-sampling method, paired with digitally linked molecular point-of-care diagnostics, for detecting respiratory infections among paediatric patients in the Tshwane District, South Africa. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A field study will be conducted at Steve Biko Academic Hospital to compare saliva collection using the CandyCollect lollipop device and standard mouth swabs. The spiral groove of the lollipop device captures pathogens, which are stored in DNA/RNA preservation media and later analysed using quantitative PCR and commercially available rapid antigen tests. The multiplex respiratory pathogen panel, based on TaqMan real-time PCR technology, targets key paediatric pathogens including ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Pretoria (509/2023) and the Gauteng Department of Health (GP_202406_032). The study is registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202411743094783). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and stakeholder briefings. The study complies with South Africa's Protection of Personal Information Act. Data collection is scheduled from November 2024 to February 2025, with project completion expected within 1 year. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202411743094783).

Indexed as

Respiratory Tract InfectionsSalivaSpecimen HandlingChildChild, PreschoolFeasibility StudiesHumansInfantPoint-of-Care TestingSouth AfricaFeasibility StudiesMolecular diagnosticsPatient Care ManagementRespiratory infectionsSelf-Help Devices

Identifiers

PMID41093325
PMCPMC12530422

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.