Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41092779›Full record

SynthesisJournal of infection and public health2025

Routes of transmission of mpox by virus clade and geographic distribution: A systematic review.

Majid M Alshamrani, Aiman El-Saed, Sarah Al-Fayez, Kholod AlAmeer, Mohammed Al Zunitan, Mohammed Abalkhail, Fatmah Othman, Fayssal Farahat, Syed Nazeer, Wafaa Al Nasser and 7 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of infection and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Peri-Umbilicated Pseudopustules in Mpox.Oxford medical case reports · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Majid M AlshamraniInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Alshamranima2@mngha.med.sa.
Aiman El-SaedInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Sarah Al-FayezInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kholod AlAmeerInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Al ZunitanInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AbalkhailInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fatmah OthmanKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fayssal FarahatInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Syed NazeerInfection Prevention and Control Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Wafaa Al NasserInfection Prevention and Control Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Maher AlharbiInfection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Tom FletcherDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Tochi OkworThe Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Nigeria.
Hibak MahamedWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Hannah Hamilton HurwitzWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Victoria WilletWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
April BallerWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mpox epidemiology has experienced a dramatic change in recent years with a marked shift in transmission dynamics. The objective was to assess the route of transmission of mpox by virus clade and geographic distribution. A systematic review of studies with transmission data published between September 2022 and September 2024 was conducted. A total 222 studies including 45,553 mpox patients were included. Approximately 93.0 % of the patients were males and 98.6 % were adults. Approximately 89.1 % were men who have sex with men, 5.3 % were heterosexual men, and 5.5 % were heterosexual women. Approximately 95.3 % reported sexual contact (65.1 % confirmed and 30.3 % suspected), 2.9 % close non-sexual contact, and 1.8 % multiple/other routes (not including inhalation). Sexual contact represented > 90 % of transmission in all regions but African region. Most studies reported clade data showed clade IIb with a similar transmission pattern as described above. This can support the formulation of infection prevention and control recommendations.

Indexed as

Mpox, MonkeypoxAdultFemaleHumansMaleMonkeypox virusSexual BehaviorGeographyMpoxRoute of transmissionSexual contactSystematic reviewVirus clade

Identifiers

PMID41092779
PMCPMC12596201

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.