Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41092036›Full record

ArticleMedicine, science, and the law2026

Sex estimation of the foramen magnum using computed tomography data in Malaysian juveniles.

Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd Hamdan, Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat, Norliza Ibrahim

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Article in Medicine, science, and the law, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd HamdanDepartment of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-4574-3812
Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah RahmatDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Norliza IbrahimDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study assessed the potential of the foramen magnum (FM) in the Malaysian juvenile population to estimate sex using computed tomography (CT) data. A total of 200 (male = 100; female = 100) CT images of Malaysian individuals aged between 8 and 16 were retrieved. The maximum length (FML) and width (FMW), area (FMA 1 and FMA 2), and index (FMI) of the three-dimensional image of the FM were measured and analysed using Mimics software version 20 (Materialise N.V., Heverlee, Belgium). These metric data were then used to develop sex estimation models through discriminant function analysis (DFA) and binary logistic regression (BLR). The results showed that all measurements in males were significantly higher than in females (

Indexed as

Foramen MagnumSex Determination by SkeletonTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdolescentChildDiscriminant AnalysisFemaleForensic AnthropologyHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalLogistic ModelsMalaysiaMalebinary logistic regressioncomputed tomographydiscriminant function analysisForamen magnumjuvenilesex estimation

Identifiers

PMID41092036
PMCPMC13311236

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.