ArticlePloS one2025
RETRACTED: Do natural environmental protection, regional innovation climate, entrepreneurs' cognition of green development positively influence the sustainable development of small rural businesses.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-04-27Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Duplication of Data · Euphemisms for Duplication · Objections by Author(s) ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the era of the green economy, the Chinese government has advocated for natural environmental protection and innovation in rural areas, making the sustainable development of small rural businesses into a focal point. Currently, whether natural environmental protection promotes the sustainable development of small rural businesses remains debatable, and the roles of regional innovation climate, entrepreneurs' cognition of green development, and technological innovation in production on the sustainable development of small rural businesses are often overlooked. Addressing this gap, this study draws inspiration from Upper Echelons Theory and Sustainable Development Theory to construct a structural equation model (SEM) and proposes 10 hypotheses. Primary data was collected from rural entrepreneurs across 17 provinces in China, yielding 439 valid samples. The data were analyzed using AMOS 28.0, SMARTPLS 4.0, and SPSS 28.0. The findings revealed that natural environmental protection did not positively influence the sustainable development of small rural businesses (β = 0.104, p > 0.05). In contrast, the regional innovation climate (β = 0.189, p = 0.001) and rural small business entrepreneurs' cognition of green development (β = 0.261, p < 0.001) significantly affected the sustainable development of small rural businesses. Technological innovation in production (β = 0.034, p < 0.01) played a partial mediating role between the regional innovation climate and the sustainable development of small rural businesses. And, the mediating role of technological innovation in production was significant in the relationship between entrepreneurs' cognition of green development and the sustainable development of small rural businesses (β = 0.059, p < 0.01). As a representative developing country, China's findings in rural areas provide valuable insights for other developing countries undergoing green development transitions. This study not only questions the applicability of Porter's hypothesis in rural contexts but also offers implications for relevant policymakers and small business entrepreneurs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.