Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41091762›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Emergence of antiphage functions from random sequence libraries reveals mechanisms of gene birth.

Idan Frumkin, Christopher N Vassallo, Yi Hua Chen, Michael T Laub

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Something from nothing: The birth of new phage defense genes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Emergence of antiphage functions from random sequence libraries reveals mechanisms of gene birth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Idan Frumkin *Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0003-4944-3374
Christopher N Vassallo *Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0001-6992-5894
Yi Hua ChenDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0001-8864-8298
Michael T LaubDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0002-8288-7607

Funding

Exploring novel mechanisms of antiviral immunity in bacteria.F32GM139231 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI VASSALLO, CHRISTOPHER · 2020 to 2022
$149k
Charles A. King Trust Postdoctoral Research FellowshipHHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) GM139231Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator ProgramHuman Frontier Science Program (HFSP) LT000706NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM139231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

De novo gene birth-the emergence of genes from nongenic sequences-drives biological innovation, yet its adaptive potential remains poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we screened libraries of ~100 million short (semi-)random sequences, mimicking early stages of gene birth, for genes that promote

Indexed as

Bacteriophage T4Escherichia coliEscherichia coli ProteinsEvolution, MolecularGene LibraryEscherichia coli Proteinsantiphage defensecellular adaptationde novo gene birthmicrobial evolutionrandom sequences

Identifiers

PMID41091762
PMCPMC12557735

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.