ArticlePloS one2025
Associations of sunlight affinity with depression and sleep disorders in American males: Evidence from NHANES 2009-2020.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDepression and sleep disorders are globally prevalent, yet male-specific studies remain scarce. This study investigates associations between sunlight affinity (a novel dual-dimensional metric comprising psychological [sunlight preference score, SPS] and behavioral [sunlight exposure duration, SED] dimensions) and subthreshold depression (StD), major depressive disorder (MDD), short sleep, and trouble sleeping in American males.
methodsWe analyzed weighted data from 7,306 males in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2020) and assessed sunlight affinity's associations with depression and sleep disorders based on multiple logistic regression, threshold effects analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and mediation analysis.
resultsAdjusted multiple logistic regression analyses showed SPS inversely associated with StD (OR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-0.96) and MDD (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69-0.92), but positively with short sleep (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.19). SED negatively correlated with MDD (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96) and trouble sleeping (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), while positively with short sleep (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10). The highest SED quartile had reduced StD risk (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.94). RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between SPS and short sleep (P-nonlinearity = 0.003). Threshold analyses identified SPS inflection points: ≥ 2.867 linked to higher short sleep risk (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.26) and ≥4 to lower trouble sleeping (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.48-0.80). Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions across different populations. Mediation analysis suggested potential suppression effect of sunlight affinity in the bidirectional cycles between depression and sleep disorders.
conclusionThis study revealed that sunlight affinity was inversely associated with depression and trouble sleeping and positively associated with short sleep in males. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.