Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41091392›Full record

ArticleProgress in orthodontics2025

Factors influencing fenestration and dehiscence in the anterior teeth after clear aligner treatment: a multicenter retrospective study.

Zhixin Song, Qian Liu, Houzhuo Luo, Xinyue Fan, Mingxin Zhang, Baoning Liu, Bin Yan, Xiaodong Zhang, Liling Ren, Yanning Ma and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Progress in orthodontics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zhixin SongState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Qian LiuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Houzhuo LuoState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xinyue FanState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Mingxin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Baoning LiuSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
Bin YanDepartment of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Xiaodong ZhangDepartment of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
Liling RenDepartment of Orthodontics, School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Yanning MaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China. blueskyabc1007@163.com.
Zuolin JinState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. zuolinj@163.com.

Funding

The First Batch of Interdisciplinary Integration Projects of the Air Force Medical University 2023JC009The "Golden Course" Development Program of the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University JK-06The Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project of Shaanxi Province 21BZ089The Key Project of the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program 2024SF-GJHX-37The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases LCA202202, LCB202202The National Natural Science Foundation of China 82401176The New Technologies and New Business Fund of the School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University LX-2023-102, LX2022-306, LX2022-204
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis retrospective clinical study, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), examined the presence of fenestration and dehiscence in anterior teeth following non-extraction clear aligner therapy, along with the associated risk factors.

methodsThe study included 224 adult patients who underwent non-extraction clear aligner treatment. CBCT scans taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2) were analyzed to detect the presence of fenestration and dehiscence. Patient-related and treatment design-related variables were collected, with the latter from the planned tooth movements specified in the aligner software. The exact McNemar test was used to compare the occurrence of alveolar bone defects between T1 and T2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between posttreatment alveolar bone defects and various factors.

resultsFrom T1 to T2, the occurrence of fenestration and dehiscence increased on most maxillary and mandibular anterior root surfaces. At T2, the presence of alveolar bone defects at different tooth positions was influenced by multiple factors, including crowding, curve of Spee depth, alveolar bone thickness, gingival thickness, sagittal skeletal pattern, magnitude and type of intrusion, amount of retraction, molar distalization, and number of attachments. Specifically, labial fenestration of the maxillary lateral incisors and canines, as well as the mandibular central incisors and canines, and lingual dehiscence of the mandibular central incisors were significantly associated with the amount of intrusion (P < 0.05). Labial dehiscence of the mandibular central and lateral incisors was significantly associated with the number of attachments (P < 0.05). No significant associations were found between alveolar bone defects and factors such as age, gender, vertical skeletal pattern, changes in arch width, use of miniscrews, the amount of interproximal enamel reduction, attachment type, or treatment duration.

conclusionsIn patients undergoing non-extraction clear aligner therapy, factors such as crowding, curve of Spee depth, alveolar bone thickness, gingival thickness, sagittal skeletal pattern, amount and type of intrusion, amount of retraction, molar distalization, and number of attachments were significantly associated with the presence of fenestration and dehiscence at T2. Orthodontists should assess these factors, conduct thorough pretreatment evaluations of individual oral conditions, and develop tailored treatment plans accordingly.

Indexed as

Alveolar Bone LossIncisorOrthodontic Appliances, RemovableTooth Movement TechniquesAdolescentAdultAlveolar ProcessCone-Beam Computed TomographyCuspidFemaleHumansMaleMalocclusionMandibleMaxillaMiddle AgedAlveolar bone defectsCBCTClear aligner therapyDehiscenceFenestration

Identifiers

PMID41091392
PMCPMC12528610

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.