ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2025
Genetically Predicted Immunocyte Phenotypes as Risk and Protective Factors in Glaucoma: An Exploratory Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Glaucoma and Autoimmunity: Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Glaucoma is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss and irreversible sight damage and is reported to be interacting with immunological dysregulation. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) are two of the most frequent subtypes. This study aimed to explore the associations between the immune system and glaucoma by investigating the causal relationships between POAG or PACG and immunocyte phenotypes. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was carried out to comprehensively analyze the genetic variants associated 731 immunocyte phenotypes and their influence on glaucoma outcomes. Data were obtained from genome-wide association studies and the FinnGen consortium, with rigorous statistical methods applied to ensure the robustness of the study. Results: Significant associations were identified between immunocyte phenotypes and glaucoma. Specifically, causal effects of 22 immunocyte phenotypes on POAG were observed, with CD25hi CD45RA- CD4 not regulatory T cell activated cells showing a bidirectional interaction. Additionally, 30 immunocyte phenotypes were found to have causal effects on PACG. Bidirectional interactions were identified with BAFF-R on immunoglobulin (Ig)D+ CD38- naive cells, BAFF-R on IgD+ CD38- unswitched memory cells, and CD62L on CD62L+ myeloid dendritic cells. Conclusions: The present results highlighted the essential role of immune regulation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. These findings powerfully indicate the significance of exploring the therapeutic potentials of targeting different immune cells and immune responses to regulate both POAG and PACG. Translational Relevance: The present study highlighted immune-glaucoma interactions mediated by T-cell and monocyte phenotypes in primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.