Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41090630›Full record

ArticleJournal of paediatrics and child health2025

The KiwiDiab First National Paediatric Diabetes Benchmarking Audit: A Report on Children and Adolescents With Diabetes in Aotearoa New Zealand 2023.

Jonathan Williman, Martin de Bock, Ben Wheeler, Vicki Cunningham, Fran Mouat, Yiing Yiing Goh, Maryam Mussa, Mark Shaw, Jeremy Armishaw, Rhian Teaz and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Jonathan WillimanDepartment of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-5080-4435
Martin de BockDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Ben WheelerDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-3348-5238
Vicki CunninghamHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Tai Tokerau, Whangārei, New Zealand.
Fran MouatStarship Children's Health, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Yiing Yiing GohWaikids, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Maryam MussaDepartment of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Mark ShawHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Taranaki, New Plymouth, New Zealand.
Jeremy ArmishawDepartment of Paediatrics, Tauranga Hospital, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Hauora a Toi Bay of Plenty, Tauranga, New Zealand.
Rhian TeazDepartment of Paediatrics, Tauranga Hospital, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Hauora a Toi Bay of Plenty, Tauranga, New Zealand.
Nicola PereiraHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Pae Hauora o Ruahine o Tararua MidCentral, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Oliver GruppDepartment of Paediatrics, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Matau a Māui Hawke's Bay, Hastings, New Zealand.
Philip MooreDepartment of Paediatrics, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Matau a Māui Hawke's Bay, Hastings, New Zealand.
Pauline GilesHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Whanganui, Whanganui, New Zealand.
Esko WiltshireDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-8962-2708
Gilli LewisHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand.
Wendy HunterHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Nelson Marlborough, Nelson, New Zealand.
Caroline GriffinHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Waipounamu/Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Erin SouthgateHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora South Canterbury, Timaru, New Zealand.
Ryan PaulHealth New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Hamish CrocketDivision of Health, School of Health Equity and Innovation, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-7134-6776
Craig JefferiesStarship Children's Health, Health New Zealand-Te Whatu Ora Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
KiwiDiab Diabetes Data Network

Funding

Canterbury Medical Research FoundationDexcomHealth Research Council of New Zealand 20/026Starship Foundation A+8630
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo compare demographics, therapeutics and outcomes in children and adolescents with diabetes in Aotearoa, New Zealand from the KiwiDiab network.

methodsAll cases of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the 13 regional centres that provide care were collated for the 2023 calendar year.

resultsThere were 1849 children and adolescents with diabetes: 1642 (88.8%) had T1D, mean age at diagnosis 9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-12), mean age in clinic 12 years (IQR: 9-14); 47% were female and 69% identified as NZ European, 16% Māori and 8.3% Pacific. Overall, 23% of children and adolescents with T1D achieved an HbA1c level < 53 mmol/mol (7.0%). The mean (±standard deviation) HbA1c for any insulin pump use was 59 ± 11 mmol/mol (7.5% ± 1.0%) compared to 72 ± 19 (8.7% ± 1.8%) for those on multi-daily injections (MDI) and 96 ± 25 (11.0% ± 2.3%) on twice-daily (BD) insulin (p < 0.001). For the 23% of those using automated insulin delivery, mean HbA1c was similar across ethnic groups. However, HbA1c was higher for those on MDI or BD of Pacific or Māori versus European or Asian ethnicity (p < 0.001). There were 151/1849 (8.2%) children and adolescents with T2D: mean age at diagnosis 13 years (IQR: 12-14), age in clinic 14 years (IQR: 12-15); 61% were female, 38% Māori and 42% Pacific.

conclusionsThis inaugural national benchmarking report demonstrates the differences in diabetes technology usage and HbA1c levels for children and adolescents in Aotearoa, New Zealand. This highlights the need for ongoing benchmarking activities on a regular basis.

Indexed as

BenchmarkingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdolescentChildFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMedical AuditNew ZealandGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic Agentsbenchmarkingdiabetes mellitusnetworkquality improvementregistry

Identifiers

PMID41090630
PMCPMC12689480

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.