Observational studyJournal of oral rehabilitation2026
Prevalence of Emotional Factors and Pain in Temporomandibular Disorder and Correlation With Different Diagnoses: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Observational study in Journal of oral rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a leading cause of orofacial pain, often associated with psychosocial factors that affect quality of life. Although these factors are well documented, the association with pain intensity and jaw function remains understudied.
objectiveThis cross-sectional observational study aimed to report the prevalence of emotional factors in patients with TMD and to correlate TMD with psychological factors, pain intensity and functional limitation of the jaw in a sample of the regional population.
methodsThis study used data from a TMD outpatient clinic in South America. Assessments included the DC-TMD, chronic pain scale, GAD-7 (anxiety), PHQ-9 (depression), PHQ-15 (somatic symptoms) and JFLS-8 (jaw function) instruments. Sociodemographic data and the diagnosis of TMD were also reported. Data were statistically analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, two-tailed chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests (α = 0.05).
resultsFrom 190 patients (mean age 43.5), 78.4% were women, 31.5% had low education and 44.7% had a household income lower than US$ 500. The majority had TMD with pain and joint disorder. The overall chronic pain score was 63, indicating high pain intensity. Psychosocial scores and jaw limitations were mild. Women showed higher pain levels, more functional limitations, and elevated psychosocial scores.
conclusionPsychological factors did not differ significantly across TMD subtypes but were highly prevalent, especially in women.
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