ArticlePest management science2026
Bed bug preferences for host odor or aggregation odor are differentially modulated by physiological state in various odorscapes.
Article in Pest management science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBed bugs live in an ecologically and spatially restricted indoor habitat comprised of overlapping aggregation and host odors, and they traverse relatively short distances between blood-hosts and aggregation sites. Although many studies demonstrated aggregation or host odor preference respectively, the modulation of bed bug preferences between these divergent odors is poorly understood. Given the recurrent transitions of bed bugs between replete and hungry states, we evaluated the effects of six odorscapes containing aggregation and host skin odors on bed bug preferences.
resultsHunger state modulated odor preference for aggregation and foraging in all tested odorscapes. Aggregation odor attracted both fed and unfed bed bugs. Host skin odor attracted unfed bed bugs but repelled recently fed bed bugs and the addition of carbon dioxide to host odor enhanced the behavioral responses. These findings suggest that orientation to aggregation sites in fed bed bugs is driven by two distinct odor-processing mechanisms for attractant and aversive odors. Unfed bed bugs discriminate between two attractive odors-aggregation and host odors-but host odor predominates over aggregation odor in driving their orientation behavior.
conclusionUnderstanding the dynamic switching of odor preferences during the blood digestion cycle will guide the implementation of chemical lures in integrated pest management. Host odors alone and their co-emission with aggregation pheromone repelled fed bed bugs from traps. Conversely, unfed bed bugs had a strong preference for host odor emitted either alone or with aggregation odor. Therefore, the independent use of either host or aggregation odor lures and their co-emission from the same trap should be carefully considered. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.