Family systems care approaches and methodologies for maternal, newborn and child health in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Integrating family-centered maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services along the care continuum can improve health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, family systems care remains underutilized from hospital to community and home. This scoping review examines approaches, methods, and tools for incorporating family systems care into MNCH care in LMICs. Following the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA ScR guidelines, we adopted a three-step search strategy. It included searches 1) in three databases (Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science), 2) of the literature on governmental and non-governmental homepages, and 3) in the references of included studies. Published English work without limitation on publication year was eligible. Data extraction and analysis were guided by a template comprising approaches, methodologies, and tools to translate family systems care into the care continuum. Data are presented in tabular form with an accompanying narrative summary. Our search identified 454 articles, of which three papers matched the inclusion criteria after screening of titles, abstracts, and finally, full texts. The gray literature search yielded 13 findings, of which three were included. Six papers remained for the overall synthesis. Limited evidence exists on approaches and methodologies for implementing family systems care programs within the care continuum in maternal, newborn, and child health in LMICs. A clear, culturally adapted definition of family, essential for advancing research and practice, is lacking. Leadership, facilitation, and attitudinal change influence family systems care program implementation. Existing implementation frameworks need adaptation to the LMICs settings.