ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2025
'Don't tell the coach': contact breast injury and breast pain in under-18 international female rugby players.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Beyond comfort: why breast support and protection belong in women's sport injury prevention.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: Contact breast injury (CBI) and exercise-induced breast pain (EIBP) are common in adult female contact sports; however, incidence in adolescent players is unknown. The present study investigated the occurrence, mechanism and reporting behaviours of CBI and EIBP in under-18 international female rugby union. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to players (n=110, 17.0±0.7 years) participating in the Women's U18 Six Nations. Results: Incidence of CBI and EIBP was 39% and 43%, respectively. Seventy-seven percent of players affected by CBI had experienced multiple incidents in the previous year. Activities associated with the highest severity of EIBP were running, jumping and tackling, with 27% reporting that breast pain inhibited their performance. Concerningly, 64% of players did not report CBI, and no injuries were reported to coaching/medical personnel. Notably, over half of players did not consciously adopt strategies to prevent CBI, which may be attributed to various bio-psycho-social mechanisms. Conclusion: While there is a worryingly high incidence of CBI and EIBP in adolescent female international rugby players, reporting remains low, and there is a lack of uptake of support/protective strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the effectiveness of female-specific protective equipment and educational programmes, aiming to improve breast health.
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