Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41089727›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Tomatine as a versatile adjuvant boosts mRNA vaccine responses.

Wen Xiao, Shugang Qin, Xuehui Li, Xinyang Jin, Aiwei Zhu, Xi He, Xing Duan, Yuting Chen, Yupei Zhang, Na Fan and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Bioactive lipid-derived nanoparticles for RNA delivery.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Wen XiaoDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Shugang QinDepartment of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xuehui LiCenter for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
Xinyang JinSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
Aiwei ZhuBeijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
Xi HeDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Xing DuanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Yuting ChenDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Yupei ZhangDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Na FanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Qian ZhengDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Guohong LiDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Zhongshan HeDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Kepan ChenDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Hai HuangDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Xiawei WeiDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Christiane MoogLaboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
Bin SuBeijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
Xiangrong SongDepartment of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The potent adaptive immune response of mRNA vaccines requires that sufficient antigens translated from mRNA cargos and highly efficient activation of innate immunity. However, it remains unclear if simple introduction of an adjuvant can help mRNA vaccines achieve these functions. In this study, a nature product, tomatine, was experimentally incorporated into the widely used nanocarriers, serving a multi-functional adjuvant to improve mRNA expression efficiency and activate innate immunity. Tomatine based liposome (T-LPX) exhibited elevated uptake in dendritic cells (DCs) via caveolin-mediated endocytosis and improved mRNA translation via the increased expression of DExH-box helicase 29 mediated by tomatine, leading to a marked increase in mRNA expression efficiency and ensuring highly efficient antigen presentation. Additionally, tomatine was shown to activate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pathway, thereby promoting the secretion of IFN-

Indexed as

AdjuvantImmunogenicitymRNA expressionmRNA vaccineNano-carrierTomatine

Identifiers

PMID41089727
PMCPMC12517100

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.