Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41089327›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025

Knowledge and practices related to antimicrobial use in fighting cocks - a survey of fighting cock owners in Timor-Leste.

Abrao J Pereira, Frederico Amaral, Mauricio J C Coppo, Kirsten E Bailey, Shawn Ting, James Gilkerson, Glenn F Browning, Joanita Bendita D C Jong, Jenny-Ann L M L Toribio

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Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abrao J Pereira *Animal Health Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosae, Dili, Timor-Leste.
Frederico Amaral *National Directorate of Veterinary, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries, Dili, Timor-Leste.
Mauricio J C Coppo *The Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Kirsten E Bailey *The Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Shawn Ting *Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
James Gilkerson *The Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Glenn F Browning *The Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Joanita Bendita D C Jong *National Directorate of Veterinary, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries, Dili, Timor-Leste.
Jenny-Ann L M L Toribio *School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Cock fighting is an industry with a long standing in Southeast Asia and the birds have a high value. However, there is scant published literature on antimicrobial use and knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among fighting cock owners in Timor-Leste. This survey assessed knowledge of fighting cock owners about antimicrobials and AMR, and their use of antimicrobials in fighting cocks. Method: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted on randomly selected owners of fighting cocks in urban areas in Timor-Leste between February and March 2023. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire administered by face-to-face interviews. Results: A total of 275 participants were interviewed. Knowledge about antimicrobials and AMR among fighting cock owners in Timor-Leste was poor. Owners in urban areas (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.4-4.1], p-value = 0.002) and those with higher education (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI [1.3-4.2], p-value = 0.007) were more knowledgeable about antimicrobials. The majority used antimicrobials (76.2%, 205/269) in their cocks and the most common antimicrobials used were amoxicillin (77.5%, 159/205) and ampicillin (54.2%, 111/205). The most common reasons for use were for treating fight wounds (85.4%, 175/205), respiratory signs (26.3%, 54/205), and diarrhea (21.0%, 43/205). Conclusion: This study revealed widespread antimicrobial use by fighting cock owners with low awareness about AMR, which creates a high-risk environment for selection for emergence of AMR. There is a need for a comprehensive intervention that combines regulatory controls, enhanced surveillance, and a targeted campaign to mitigate public health risks in Timor-Leste.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdultAgedAnimalsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesTimor-LesteYoung AdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agentsantibioticsantimicrobial resistancefighting cockknowledgepracticesTimor-Leste

Identifiers

PMID41089327
PMCPMC12515814

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