Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41088783›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Transparent Multifunctional Wearable Strain Sensor With Self-Healing and Antibacterial Capabilities for Human Motion Detection.

Wenqing Chen, Wei Huang, Rohit Gupta, Abbas Heydari, Biswajoy Bagchi, Lulu Xu, Yang Xue, Eirini Velliou, Manish K Tiwari

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wenqing ChenNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1513-0465
Wei HuangNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Rohit GuptaNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Abbas HeydariNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Biswajoy BagchiNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Lulu XuNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Yang XueNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Eirini VelliouCentre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TY, UK.
Manish K TiwariNanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-6881

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/X023974/1Royal Society RSWF/R3/193013Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 203145Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wearable strain sensors are highly desirable due to their increasing applications in smart electronic skins and healthcare monitoring systems. Nevertheless, simultaneously integrating high stretchability, sensing linearity, stable operation under sub-zero temperatures, and long-term storage for conductive films remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a dual-network polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based high-performance strain sensor that overcomes these limitations through an innovative materials design is reported. The network is constructed via synergistic cross-linking of PVA with tannic acid (TA) and glutaraldehyde (GA), followed by the incorporation of choline acetate ionic liquid (IL) to enhance the multifunctionality of the sensor (denoted as PTGIL). The PTGIL sensor exhibits a compelling combination of properties, such as exceptional mechanical robustness (strength ≈20 MPa; elongation at break ≈900%), room-temperature self-healing capability, and transparency (≈88% transmittance at 550 nm). Critically, it demonstrates stable sensing performance even at sub-zero temperatures and preserves functionality after long-term ambient storage. The biocompatibility with human dermal fibroblasts and the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) confirm its safety and further support long-term skin contact applications. Beyond conventional motion monitoring, the multifunctionality of the PTGIL sensor may help bridge soft biomechanics and healthcare applications such as rehabilitation tracking following joint ligament reconstruction and intraoperative motion-outcome correlation analysis.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsWearable Electronic DevicesEscherichia coliFibroblastsHumansMovementPolyvinyl AlcoholStaphylococcus aureusTanninsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPolyvinyl AlcoholTanninsantibacterialbiocompatibleenvironment‐tolerant elastomerself‐healingwearable strain sensor

Identifiers

PMID41088783
PMCPMC12864581

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.