ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026
The MMP-9/TIMP-1 Ratio and Concentrations of Osteopontin Are Elevated in Cerebrospinal Fluid of People With Multiple Sclerosis and Decrease After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Selected Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, and osteopontin (OPN)-as indicators of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and disease activity in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (pwMS), and to assess their changes following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT).
methodsCSF samples from pwMS treated with aHSCT (n = 43) and healthy controls (n = 32) were analyzed for MMP-9, TIMP-1, and OPN concentrations using ELISA and electrochemiluminescence assays. Lumbar punctures were performed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3-5 years post-aHSCT. Biomarker findings were compared with standard CSF parameters, prior treatments, and MRI data.
resultsMMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios and OPN levels were significantly elevated in pwMS compared to controls, particularly in those with gadolinium-enhancing lesions or on first-line therapies. Both biomarkers declined significantly after aHSCT and remained low during follow-up. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio showed superior discriminatory capacity and correlated with inflammatory CSF markers.
interpretationCSF MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio and OPN are elevated in MS and decrease following aHSCT, reflecting reduced inflammation and restored BBB integrity. These biomarkers may support disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.