ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Sarcopenia (defined by low muscle mass) as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of sarcopenic obesity with advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and incident cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal and cross-sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance-related indices, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular risk in CKM stages 1-3: a prospective cohort study from CHARLS.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Association between Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome staging and falls among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for identifying prevalent sarcopenia in Chinese patients with Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interconnected nature of cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunction. Sarcopenia, or the loss of skeletal muscle mass, is linked to adverse outcomes in chronic diseases, but its role within the CKM framework remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia, CKM syndrome severity, and mortality risk.
methodsThis study analyzed data from 5,925 adults (aged ≥ 20 years) across eight NHANES cycles (1999-2006, 2011-2018). Sarcopenia was defined using FNIH criteria based on DXA-derived muscle mass. CKM syndrome staging followed the AHA classification. Multinomial and ordinal logistic regression examined the relationship between sarcopenia and CKM stage. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the impact of sarcopenia on all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), and non-CVD mortality. Sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm robustness.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 125.47 (0.94) months, 851 deaths occurred. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased odds of advanced CKM stages: (OR: 2.236, 95% CI: 1.594-3.135), stage 3 (OR: 3.332, 95% CI: 2.001-5.548) and stage 4 (OR: 3.495, 95% CI: 2.157-5.662), compared to Stage 1. Sarcopenia also predicted higher mortality risks in patients with CKM stage 1-4: all-cause mortality (HR: 1.527, 95% CI: 1.274-1.831), CVD mortality (HR: 1.903, 95% CI: 1.299-2.788) and non-CVD mortality (HR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.124-1.762).
conclusionSarcopenia is strongly linked to CKM syndrome severity and is a predictor of mortality across CKM stages. These findings suggest that assessing and managing sarcopenia could offer a valuable strategy to mitigate disease progression and improve survival in individuals with CKM syndrome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.