ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2025
The impact of poverty on child malnutrition and health in Lebanon: the need for multisectoral interventions.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesPoverty and child malnutrition are deeply interconnected. Socioeconomic disparities limit access to adequate nutrition, healthcare, and education, and can lead to long-term developmental and economic consequences. This study examines the relationship between poverty and nutritional status, micronutrient deficiencies, and recent illnesses in children in Lebanon.
methodsData was collected as part of a national stratified cross-sectional household-based survey conducted in 2023. A total of 1,594 children aged 0-59 months were included in the analysis. Principal component analysis was used to create a household-level poverty index using indicators related to household-level ownership of durable goods, dwelling characteristics, food security status, and relevant livelihood coping strategies. Bivariate analyses were used to estimate the associations between poverty status and nutritional status indicators (i.e., stunting, underweight, wasting, anemia, iron deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency), multiple nutritional deficiencies, and recent illnesses indicators (i.e., diarrhea, fever, and lower-respiratory infection). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between poverty and nutrition and illness indicators and were further evaluated using Concentration Index Curves (CIC).
resultsMultivariate analyses revealed significantly higher odds of stunting (OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 2.60, 10.66), underweight (OR: 5.46, 95% CI: 1.52, 19.56), vitamin A deficiency (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.33), diarrhea (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), fever (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.77) and lower respiratory infection (LRI, OR: 4.85, CI: 1.36, 17.26) for children from the poorest households compared to those from the wealthiest households. CIC showed that children from poor households were disproportionally affected by anemia, iron deficiency and wasting. Further, children with lower socioeconomic status were disproportionally affected by multiple deficiencies: 57.1% of children who suffered from 2 deficiencies were located in the lowest two poverty quintiles and 57.6% of those with three or more deficiencies were from the poorest households.
conclusionOur findings underscore the profound impact of poverty on child malnutrition and infections. To effectively and sustainably address these challenges, a holistic, multisectoral approach is needed, combining targeted nutritional programs, social protection programs, WASH initiatives and educational interventions to break the cycle of poverty and malnutrition.
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