ReviewMolecular cancer2025
Turning cold tumors into hot tumors to ignite immunotherapy.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanomedicine and the tumor immune microenvironment in cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Modulating the gut microbiota to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Bearing GPC Mutations for Enhanced Tumor Tropism and Strong Anti-Tumor Activity.Viruses · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal lactate-active epithelial-immune cell crosstalk that reprograms the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Pathogens in Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Comprehensive Review.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming Autophagy to Strengthen Antitumour Immunity: Advances in Immunotherapeutic Strategies.Immunology · 2026Review
- A cuproptosis-inducing covalent organic framework synergizes with oncolytic virus for tumor radiotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial metabolism and PD-1 blockade: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Chronic stress-induced brain-derived small extracellular vesicles promote colorectal cancer through Treg differentiation.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- A prognostic senescence-related long non-coding RNA signature identifies cold and hot tumors of stomach adenocarcinoma.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Review
- TFAP2A links drug resistance to antitumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Golden immunity: gold complexes as emerging triggers of immunogenic cell death.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Nutrient stress-induced FTH1 safeguards redox balance and fuels pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth while serving as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy 3.0: Breakthroughs Steering the Next Generation of Cancer Control.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Rational design of a V-shaped DNA-targeted photosensitizer enables endogenous DNA damage-driven cGAS-STING activation and systemic antitumor immunity.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Asiatic acid promotes CD8Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The revolution in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), underscores the significant role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in determining therapeutic outcomes. At the heart of this is the classification of tumors into "cold" and "hot", which significantly influences the efficacy of immunotherapy. "Cold" tumors are characterized by scant immune cell infiltration and an immunosuppressive TME, which effectively evades immune detection and resists ICIs. In contrast, "hot" tumors, characterized by abundant immune cells and a proinflammatory environment, are more receptive to immunotherapeutic approaches. This review comprehensively examines the molecular and cellular foundations of the "cold" tumor phenotype, delving into the mechanisms of camouflage (impeding immune priming and infiltration), coercion (suppressing immune functions), and cytoprotection (resisting inflammatory death) that contribute to maintaining immune silence. Furthermore, it critically evaluates emerging strategies for converting "cold" tumors to "hot", immune-reactive entities, including the role of biomaterials in remodeling the TME to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Through an in-depth exploration of these foundational mechanisms and therapeutic advancements, this review seeks to shed light on the way forward in cancer treatment, framing the transformation of "cold" tumors to "hot" tumors as a crucial approach to enhancing the reach of immunotherapy to a broader array of cancer types.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.