Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2025
Intraperitoneal ketamine versus bupivacaine for postoperative pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy - a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06807554 (Intraperitoneal Ketamine Versus Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intraperitoneal Ketamine Versus Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quality of recovery following intraperitoneal bupivacaine with and without dexamethasone in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- In Search of Ideal Analgesia: Classical and Deep Rectus Sheath Block in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.Local and regional anesthesia · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIntraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics is commonly used to manage pain associated with laparoscopic surgeries. Few studies have compared intraperitoneal instillation of ketamine with bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study aimed to compare the effects of intraperitoneal instillation of ketamine versus bupivacaine on postoperative pain control following LC.
methodsThis double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted by the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management at Liaquat National Hospital. Patients were divided into Group K and Group B. Group K received ketamine at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg diluted in 40 ml of saline intraperitoneally, while Group B received 2 mg/kg bupivacaine diluted in 40 ml of saline. Pain scores were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale at 5 min, 15 min, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively.
resultsA total of 46 patients in each group were studied. At 5 min, the average pain score was 2.1 ± 0.5 in Group K and 2.8 ± 0.7 in Group B (p < 0.001). At 15 min (1.5 ± 0.2 versus 3.6 ± 0.4), 6 h (2.5 ± 0.5 versus 4.8 ± 0.4), 12 h (3 ± 1.1 versus 4.5 ± 0.7), and 24 h (1.8 ± 0.8 versus 4.1 ± 1.2), the mean pain score was significantly lower in Group K than in Group B. Analgesia requirement was significantly higher in the bupivacaine group, whereas the mean time to seek the first rescue analgesia was longer in the ketamine group. No adverse events other than postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed.
conclusionThe present study found that in elective LC, intraperitoneal instillation of ketamine at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg was superior to bupivacaine alone in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic demand from initial 6 to 24 h after surgery, without any safety concerns. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: This trial was retrospectively registered on January 29, 2025, in clinicaltrials.gov with trial number ‘NCT06807554’.
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