ArticleBMC genomics2025
Genomic diversity and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria.
Article in BMC genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global health preparedness for biosecurity threats: a review of emerging technologies and solutions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs Nigeria has the sixth-highest population in the world and a significant amount of inbound and outbound travel, the characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity across the country is critical for understanding novel pandemic dynamics. We describe the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the coverage of Nigeria's genomic surveillance system.
methodsGenome sequences and sample metadata were downloaded from the GISAID repository. A beta regression was used to test for a relationship between fully resolved nucleotide proportion over time, as a proxy for data quality. Sample and sequencing source were compared to assess geographic coverage.
resultsA total of 7759 COVID-19 sequences collected from February 2020 to March 2023 were included. The majority were collected in 2021 (76.6%) and South West (43%). Eleven states (30%) reported 10 or fewer SARS-CoV-2 genomes across the entire period. The genome sequences submitted to GISAID from Nigeria were of high quality with very few unresolved nucleotides. Waves 4 and 5, predominantly Omicron lineages, show higher diversity around position 23 kb than the other waves. Overall, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and state-run hospitals were the largest contributors to the sample collection efforts during this study period. However, the collection efforts shifted over time from NCDC in waves 1-3 to regional hospitals and other healthcare facilities in waves 4-5, although this pattern varied by geopolitical zone (GPZ). Sequencing efforts also shifted from research laboratories during the first waves to NCDC during waves 4 and 5.
conclusionsThe findings suggest the need for a coordinated sequencing strategy and standardized protocols to improve genomic surveillance during future outbreaks of existing and novel pathogens. A network of sequencing laboratories that includes at least one in each GPZ, linked to and coordinated by the national reference laboratory at NCDC might provide more balanced coverage for future pandemics and pathogen surveillance.
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