ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2026
Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Co-expression of non-signaling CARs enhances EGFRvIII-specific CAR T-cell cytotoxicity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Polymeric Materials in Cancer Immunotherapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- FOXP1 Knockdown Reprograms Th9 CAR-T Cells to Overcome Antigen Escape.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Barriers and Blueprints: Next-Generation Engineering Strategies for CAR-T Cell Therapy in Gastrointestinal Tumors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- NKR-P1A/CD161: A Multifunctional Immune Receptor at the Crossroads of Antitumor Immunity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Repurposing Seleno-L-Methionine as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Agent to Overcome TGF-β1/HIF-Driven Immune Evasion in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Delivery to Design: Site-Specific Genome Engineering for Next-Generation CAR T-Cell Therapy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Applications of synthetic biology in biomedicine.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- T cell-nanodrug conjugates synchronize vascular normalization and immune activation for solid tumor therapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- CPNE1 promotes stemness and confers resistance to GPC3 CAR-T cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma via the STAT3-TGF-β signaling pathway.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Low-dose docetaxel reprograms CAR T cells for enhanced solid tumor immunity.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- A guide to CAR T cell therapies: development, current status and future prospects.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Polysaccharide-Modulated Gut Microbiota-Immune Axis in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Modern Insights From Traditional Pharmacy.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Circadian engineering of in vivo CAR T cell therapy for precision oncology.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Covalent tumor anchoring spatially orchestrates antitumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Mathematical modeling of immune counter-regulation predicts efficacy of fractionated CD8Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy holds significant promise for the treatment of cancer; however, its efficacy in solid tumours is substantially hindered by the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Solid tumours can resist immunotherapy by impairing T cell trafficking, function and persistence. One of the initial obstacles that CAR T cells encounter is the abnormal tumour vasculature, which restricts efficient T cell infiltration, further compounded by a dense extracellular matrix. CAR T cells that do infiltrate the tumours are outnumbered by immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumour-associated macrophages. Additionally, tumour cells can contribute to CAR T cell resistance by upregulating immune checkpoint molecules, such as PDL1 and CTLA4, and engage in metabolic competition. In this Review, we discuss how cellular and non-cellular components of the TME impair CAR T cell therapy and consider potential strategies to improve CAR T cell therapies for solid tumours, either by reprogramming the TME or by engineering CAR T cells to resist the immunosuppressive effects of the TME.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41087553What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.