ArticleRenal failure2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced nephrotic syndrome: a pharmacovigilance analysis of 404 FAERS cases and literature case series.
Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of tumor immunotherapy on kidney injury and multi-organ outcomes: a mechanistic and clinical perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Durvalumab-associated nephrotic syndrome and organizing pneumonia: a case report.CEN case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Closing the Translational Gap: Closed-Loop AI Discovery Frameworks for Experimental Validation and Clinical Implementation in Cancer Therapeutics.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related nephrotic syndrome is a rare but increasingly reported adverse event, where early-onset severe cases warrant heightened vigilance. This pharmacovigilance study assessed this correlation by analyzing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from Q1 2011 to Q1 2025. A total of 404 cases of ICI-related nephrotic syndrome were identified in the FAERS database, with 84.1% of cases related to programmed cell death protein 1 (58.9%) or programmed death-ligand 1 (25.2%) inhibitors. Disproportionality signals were observed for six ICI monotherapies and one combination therapy: atezolizumab (ROR 6.84; 95% CI: 5.58-8.40), avelumab (ROR 5.54; 95% CI: 2.64-11.63), nivolumab (ROR 4.37; 95% CI: 3.64-5.25), pembrolizumab (ROR 3.44; 95% CI: 2.88-4.10), durvalumab (ROR 2.03; 95% CI: 1.12-3.66), ipilimumab (ROR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.07-3.94), and the combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab (ROR 4.56; 95% CI: 3.56-5.83). Firth multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several independent risk factors, including advanced age (>65 years), malignant renal neoplasm, malignant mesothelioma, and the concomitant use of bevacizumab or lenvatinib. The median onset time was significantly shorter for severe cases than for non-severe cases (22.5 vs. 96.5 days, respectively;
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