SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and spatiotemporal trends of snakebites in Iran.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hemoperfusion as Adjunctive Therapy in Severe Snake Envenomation Refractory to Antivenom: A Case Series.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Investigation of clinical and paraclinical manifestations of envenomation victims referred to the Poisoning Department of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad (Iran) from 2019 to 2020.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeSnakebites are a neglected public health concern, particularly in tropical regions, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Despite Iran's high snakebite burden, epidemiological data remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide estimates of snakebite incidence and geographical distribution across Iranian provinces.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Persian databases (Magiran, SID) up to February 2025. Observational studies reporting snakebite incidence in Iran were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, with heterogeneity evaluated via I². Meta-regression analyzed temporal trends.
resultsOf 618 initially identified studies, 8 met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis found Iran's overall snakebite incidence to be 31.89 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI: 16.58-47.20), with extreme regional variation (0.14-295.45). Males showed a significantly higher incidence (108.34) than females (66.79). Geographic analysis revealed the highest rates in southeastern (109.68) and southwestern (116.04) regions, and the lowest in northwestern (4.30) and northern (4.05) areas. Meta-regression indicated a significant temporal increase in incidence (β = 0.035, p < 0.001). High heterogeneity (I² ≥ 99.8%) suggests additional underlying factors influence snakebite distribution.
conclusionSnakebite incidence in Iran exhibits marked geographical and gender disparities, with an upward temporal trend. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies, improved antivenom access, and enhanced surveillance in high-risk provinces.
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