Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41085802›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2025

An in vitro study on the antimicrobial efficacy of a calcium hydroxide versus a calcium silicate-based endodontic medicament.

Dheepthi Jana, Eda Dzinovic, Ahmed Almaroof, Dipti Mehta, Sherif Elsharkawy, Sanjukta Deb, Sadia Niazi

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dheepthi JanaDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
Eda DzinovicCentre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
Ahmed AlmaroofDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
Dipti MehtaDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
Sherif ElsharkawyCentre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
Sanjukta DebCentre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
Sadia NiaziDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK. sadia.niazi@kcl.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesIntracanal medicaments are essential adjuncts to chemo-mechanical canal preparation when controlling endodontic infections; however, their antibacterial action may not be uniform due to the diversity of the involved species. This study aimed to compare the long-term antimicrobial efficacy, metabolic activity, and pH of two intracanal medicaments: calcium silicate-based BC Temp (BC) and DEHP calcium hydroxide (CH). MATERIALS AND

methodsThe pH was examined over a 28-day period with and without freshly extracted tooth-root sections. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a direct contact test (DCT) against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mitis/oralis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, by quantifying colony-forming units (CFU). The metabolic activity and cell viability were measured using the colorimetric 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc Tukey's and Šídák's tests.

resultsBoth CH and BC demonstrated high alkalinity (pH 11–13), with CH maintaining higher pH for a longer period (14 days) compared to BC (7 days). No significant differences were observed when the pH of HBSS was measured with or without a sectioned tooth-root surface in contact with tested medicaments. Both medicaments exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against the tested planktonic bacteria. CH demonstrated rapid and superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis and S.epidermidis at 48 h, while BC, which has a smaller particle size, sustained CFU reduction at later time points (21 and 28 days), particularly against S.mitis/oralis, S.epidermidis, and E.faecalis. Furthermore, the XTT assay indicated reduced cell viability following treatment with both CH and BC, with BC demonstrating a more stable effect over time and maintaining cell viability below 50% across all bacterial groups during 28-day period.

conclusionsWhile maintaining a pH similar to that of CH, which has a well-established antibacterial effect; the calcium silicate-based BC Temp exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsCalcium CompoundsCalcium HydroxideRoot Canal IrrigantsSilicatesHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIn Vitro TechniquesMaterials TestingAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsCalcium CompoundsCalcium Hydroxidecalcium silicateRoot Canal IrrigantsSilicatesAlkalinityAntimicrobial activityCalcium hydroxideCalcium silicateCell viabilityDental materialsEndodontic treatmentIntracanal medicaments

Identifiers

PMID41085802
PMCPMC12521287

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.