ArticleArchives of microbiology2025
Demethylase MpAlkB2 negatively regulates the growth and positively regulates the synthesis of mycotoxin citrinin in Monascus purpureus.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Monascus spp. are traditional and industrially important fungi. Nevertheless, they produce mycotoxin citrinin which affects food safety. DNA/RNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification. The α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (AlkB) acting as demethylase dynamically regulate methylation status through erasing methyl adducts and play key roles in cellular processes. But little is known about AlkB demethylases in filamentous fungi so far. We previously reported that M. purpureus contains five MpAlkB genes. This study reports the regulatory functions of MpAlkB2 in Monascus growth and citrinin biosynthesis. MpAlkB2 disruption strain and overexpression strain were generated through homologous recombination strategy. MpAlkB2 deletion significantly accelerated growth, increased biomass, promoted sporulation and cleistothecia development, and strongly suppressed citrinin biosynthesis with an 80% reduction during the late growth stage. MpAlkB2 overexpression slightly inhibited the growth and development, but noticeably increased the yield of citrinin by 2.1 to 3.4 times. The downregulation and upregulation of the global regulator gene LaeA, and citrinin biosynthesis gene cluster genes (pksCT, ctnA, ctnB, and ctnR) caused by MpAlkB2 deletion and overexpression respectively supported the pleiotropic trait changes in corresponding engineered strains. These results demonstrated that MpAlkB2 negatively regulates the growth and development, and positively regulates citrinin biosynthesis in M. purpureus. Additionally, MpAlkB2 disruption or overexpression slightly affected the production of Monascus pigments. The data support the hypothesis that methylation epigenetics is a control point of Monascus growth and citrinin biosynthesis, and open new leads for molecular breeding to improve industrial fermentation and reduce citrinin.
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